Add detailed explanation for claims in README

[hyperpolymath]

This document provides a detailed explanation of the claims made in README.adoc, including implementation details and caveats for various proofs and concepts related to CNO and OND.

Summary

Closes #

Type of change

• 🐛 Bug fix (non-breaking change that fixes an issue)
• ✨ New feature (non-breaking change that adds functionality)
• 💥 Breaking change (would change existing behaviour)
• 🕳️ Soundness fix (fixes a checker/proof false-negative)
• 📖 Documentation
• 🧹 Refactor / tech debt (behaviour-preserving)
• ⚡ Performance
• 🔧 Build / CI / tooling

How has this been verified?

Checklist

• My commits are signed (git commit -S).
• I ran the project's own checks/tests locally and they pass.
• New files carry the correct SPDX-License-Identifier (code/config MPL-2.0,
  prose CC-BY-SA-4.0); I did not relicense existing files.
• Docs are updated, and no public claim now overstates what the code does.
• I have not introduced a soundness hole (or I have flagged where I might have).

Notes for reviewers

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