[FEATURE] Finding the best Period for an investment #460

What feature or improvement?

Currently the InvestParameters class enables to optimize thesize per period. THrough linked_periods, a "real" Investment, that occurs once but sustains multiple periods can be modeled. But the period of when the Investment occurs is fixed.
Sometimes we might want to optimize the timing of an Investment. Or we arent sure when to Invest but we know that we can only invest once.
Therefore i propose a New understanding of InvestmentParameters, doing exactly that: Modeling the process of an Investment. This includes:
AN Investment would be definied as:

• Having a specific size that stays constant for a specific lifetime
• Having an investment_occurs variable as well as a decommissioning_occursvariable, that indicates the period in which this occurs
• Having Effects of the investment or size which might differ depending on the period_of_investment

**This will allow us to model (more elegantly):

• Best timing of an Investment (currently we need to model one Component for each period and then say "choose 1"
• Technological learning regarding Invest costs

What this does not allow:

• Technological learning regarding efficiencies (imo the flow_rate would need to exist for every period and period_of_investment for this to work. But im not sure yet)
• Optimize the decommissioning timing

Use case

No response

API idea (optional)