fix: normalize hosts and SNIs so uppercase hostnames stay routable - #455
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An ApisixRoute whose `match.hosts` contains an uppercase character is
silently unroutable: every request for that host returns 404, on every path
and for every casing of the request `Host` header.
Route matching runs against `$host`, which nginx always lowercases. APISIX
normalizes the route object to match, in `apisix/router.lua`, but
`apisix/http/service.lua` has no equivalent, so `service.hosts` is stored
verbatim while the default `radixtree_host_uri` router keys its host buckets
on the raw reversed host string. An uppercase host therefore lands in a
bucket the lowercase `$host` can never reach. The controller carries the
host constraint on the service object only, so nothing normalizes it.
`internal/ssl.NormalizeHosts` already lowercases, trims and deduplicates,
and both the webhook conflict detector and the SSL indexer use it. The
translator did not, so what the controller matched on and what it wrote to
the data plane could disagree. Route the four `service.Hosts` sites and the
three `ssl.Snis` sites through it.
Two more defects fall out of the same gap:
- `dedupGatewaySSLSNIs` compares SNIs verbatim, so two listeners claiming
the same SNI in different cases were never recognised as colliding and
both reached the data plane, which rejects duplicate SNIs.
- GRPCRoute appends the listener hostnames to the route hostnames, which
repeat in the common case, while the APISIX service schema declares
`uniqueItems` on hosts.
Only ApisixRoute and ApisixTls can carry an uppercase host today — Ingress
hosts are validated as DNS-1123 subdomains and Gateway API `Hostname` has a
lowercase-only pattern — but the hostnames extracted from a certificate's
SAN are unconstrained too.
Sync of apache/apisix-ingress-controller#2837. The data plane side is fixed
in apache/apisix#13781 and api7/api7-ee-3-gateway#2084.
|
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📝 WalkthroughWalkthroughThe translators now normalize hostnames before generating APISIX services, routes, and SSL objects. Tests cover lowercasing, duplicate removal, wildcard preservation, nil hosts, and case-insensitive HTTP requests. ChangesHostname normalization
Estimated code review effort: 2 (Simple) | ~10 minutes Possibly related PRs
Suggested reviewers: 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5 | ❌ 1❌ Failed checks (1 warning)
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
✨ Finishing Touches📝 Generate docstrings
🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)
Comment |
Contributor
conformance test report - apisix-standalone modeapiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
date: "2026-08-06T07:03:17Z"
gatewayAPIChannel: experimental
gatewayAPIVersion: v1.6.0
implementation:
contact:
- https://github.com/apache/apisix-ingress-controller/issues
organization: APISIX
project: apisix-ingress-controller
url: https://github.com/apache/apisix-ingress-controller.git
version: v2.0.0
kind: ConformanceReport
mode: default
profiles:
- core:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- HTTPRouteHTTPSListener
- HTTPRouteInvalidBackendRefUnknownKind
- HTTPRouteInvalidCrossNamespaceBackendRef
- HTTPRouteInvalidNonExistentBackendRef
- HTTPRouteListenerHostnameMatching
- HTTPRouteMultipleGateways
- HTTPRouteNoBackendRefs
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 30
Skipped: 7
extended:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- HTTPRouteRedirectPortAndScheme
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 12
Skipped: 1
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
- HTTPRouteBackendProtocolWebSocket
- HTTPRouteDestinationPortMatching
- HTTPRouteHostRewrite
- HTTPRouteMethodMatching
- HTTPRoutePathRewrite
- HTTPRoutePortRedirect
- HTTPRouteQueryParamMatching
- HTTPRouteRequestMirror
- HTTPRouteResponseHeaderModification
- HTTPRouteSchemeRedirect
unsupportedFeatures:
- BackendTLSPolicy
- BackendTLSPolicySANValidation
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- HTTPRoute303RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRoute307RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRoute308RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRouteBackendProtocolH2C
- HTTPRouteBackendRequestHeaderModification
- HTTPRouteBackendTimeout
- HTTPRouteCORS
- HTTPRouteNamedRouteRule
- HTTPRouteParentRefPort
- HTTPRoutePathRedirect
- HTTPRouteRequestMultipleMirrors
- HTTPRouteRequestPercentageMirror
- HTTPRouteRequestTimeout
- HTTPRouteRetry
- HTTPRouteRetryBackendTimeout
- HTTPRouteRetryConnectionError
- ListenerSet
name: GATEWAY-HTTP
summary: Core tests partially succeeded with 7 test skips. Extended tests partially
succeeded with 1 test skips.
- core:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- GRPCRouteListenerHostnameMatching
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 14
Skipped: 1
extended:
result: success
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 1
Skipped: 0
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
unsupportedFeatures:
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- ListenerSet
name: GATEWAY-GRPC
summary: Core tests partially succeeded with 1 test skips. Extended tests succeeded.
- core:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- TLSRouteHostnameIntersection
- TLSRouteInvalidBackendRefNonexistent
- TLSRouteInvalidBackendRefUnknownKind
- TLSRouteSimpleSameNamespace
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 16
Skipped: 4
extended:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- TLSRouteTerminateSimpleSameNamespace
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 3
Skipped: 1
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
- TLSRouteModeTerminate
unsupportedFeatures:
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- ListenerSet
- TLSRouteModeMixed
name: GATEWAY-TLS
summary: Core tests partially succeeded with 4 test skips. Extended tests partially
succeeded with 1 test skips.
succeededProvisionalTests:
- GatewayOptionalAddressValue |
Contributor
conformance test report - apisix modeapiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
date: "2026-08-06T07:03:21Z"
gatewayAPIChannel: experimental
gatewayAPIVersion: v1.6.0
implementation:
contact:
- https://github.com/apache/apisix-ingress-controller/issues
organization: APISIX
project: apisix-ingress-controller
url: https://github.com/apache/apisix-ingress-controller.git
version: v2.0.0
kind: ConformanceReport
mode: default
profiles:
- core:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- HTTPRouteHTTPSListener
- HTTPRouteInvalidBackendRefUnknownKind
- HTTPRouteInvalidCrossNamespaceBackendRef
- HTTPRouteInvalidNonExistentBackendRef
- HTTPRouteListenerHostnameMatching
- HTTPRouteMultipleGateways
- HTTPRouteNoBackendRefs
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 30
Skipped: 7
extended:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- HTTPRouteRedirectPortAndScheme
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 12
Skipped: 1
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
- HTTPRouteBackendProtocolWebSocket
- HTTPRouteDestinationPortMatching
- HTTPRouteHostRewrite
- HTTPRouteMethodMatching
- HTTPRoutePathRewrite
- HTTPRoutePortRedirect
- HTTPRouteQueryParamMatching
- HTTPRouteRequestMirror
- HTTPRouteResponseHeaderModification
- HTTPRouteSchemeRedirect
unsupportedFeatures:
- BackendTLSPolicy
- BackendTLSPolicySANValidation
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- HTTPRoute303RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRoute307RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRoute308RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRouteBackendProtocolH2C
- HTTPRouteBackendRequestHeaderModification
- HTTPRouteBackendTimeout
- HTTPRouteCORS
- HTTPRouteNamedRouteRule
- HTTPRouteParentRefPort
- HTTPRoutePathRedirect
- HTTPRouteRequestMultipleMirrors
- HTTPRouteRequestPercentageMirror
- HTTPRouteRequestTimeout
- HTTPRouteRetry
- HTTPRouteRetryBackendTimeout
- HTTPRouteRetryConnectionError
- ListenerSet
name: GATEWAY-HTTP
summary: Core tests partially succeeded with 7 test skips. Extended tests partially
succeeded with 1 test skips.
- core:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- GRPCRouteListenerHostnameMatching
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 14
Skipped: 1
extended:
result: success
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 1
Skipped: 0
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
unsupportedFeatures:
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- ListenerSet
name: GATEWAY-GRPC
summary: Core tests partially succeeded with 1 test skips. Extended tests succeeded.
- core:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- TLSRouteHostnameIntersection
- TLSRouteInvalidBackendRefNonexistent
- TLSRouteInvalidBackendRefUnknownKind
- TLSRouteSimpleSameNamespace
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 16
Skipped: 4
extended:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- TLSRouteTerminateSimpleSameNamespace
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 3
Skipped: 1
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
- TLSRouteModeTerminate
unsupportedFeatures:
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- ListenerSet
- TLSRouteModeMixed
name: GATEWAY-TLS
summary: Core tests partially succeeded with 4 test skips. Extended tests partially
succeeded with 1 test skips.
succeededProvisionalTests:
- GatewayOptionalAddressValue |
Contributor
conformance test reportapiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
date: "2026-08-06T07:22:45Z"
gatewayAPIChannel: experimental
gatewayAPIVersion: v1.6.0
implementation:
contact:
- https://github.com/apache/apisix-ingress-controller/issues
organization: APISIX
project: apisix-ingress-controller
url: https://github.com/apache/apisix-ingress-controller.git
version: v2.0.0
kind: ConformanceReport
mode: default
profiles:
- core:
failedTests:
- GatewayModifyListeners
- HTTPRouteExactPathMatching
- HTTPRouteMultipleGateways
- HTTPRouteNoBackendRefs
result: failure
skippedTests:
- HTTPRouteHTTPSListener
statistics:
Failed: 4
Passed: 32
Skipped: 1
extended:
result: partial
skippedTests:
- HTTPRouteRedirectPortAndScheme
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 12
Skipped: 1
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
- HTTPRouteBackendProtocolWebSocket
- HTTPRouteDestinationPortMatching
- HTTPRouteHostRewrite
- HTTPRouteMethodMatching
- HTTPRoutePathRewrite
- HTTPRoutePortRedirect
- HTTPRouteQueryParamMatching
- HTTPRouteRequestMirror
- HTTPRouteResponseHeaderModification
- HTTPRouteSchemeRedirect
unsupportedFeatures:
- BackendTLSPolicy
- BackendTLSPolicySANValidation
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- HTTPRoute303RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRoute307RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRoute308RedirectStatusCode
- HTTPRouteBackendProtocolH2C
- HTTPRouteBackendRequestHeaderModification
- HTTPRouteBackendTimeout
- HTTPRouteCORS
- HTTPRouteNamedRouteRule
- HTTPRouteParentRefPort
- HTTPRoutePathRedirect
- HTTPRouteRequestMultipleMirrors
- HTTPRouteRequestPercentageMirror
- HTTPRouteRequestTimeout
- HTTPRouteRetry
- HTTPRouteRetryBackendTimeout
- HTTPRouteRetryConnectionError
- ListenerSet
name: GATEWAY-HTTP
summary: Core tests failed with 4 test failures. Extended tests partially succeeded
with 1 test skips.
- core:
failedTests:
- GatewayModifyListeners
result: failure
statistics:
Failed: 1
Passed: 14
Skipped: 0
extended:
result: success
statistics:
Failed: 0
Passed: 1
Skipped: 0
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
unsupportedFeatures:
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- ListenerSet
name: GATEWAY-GRPC
summary: Core tests failed with 1 test failures. Extended tests succeeded.
- core:
failedTests:
- GatewayModifyListeners
- TLSRouteHostnameIntersection
- TLSRouteInvalidBackendRefNonexistent
- TLSRouteInvalidBackendRefUnknownKind
- TLSRouteSimpleSameNamespace
result: failure
statistics:
Failed: 5
Passed: 15
Skipped: 0
extended:
failedTests:
- TLSRouteTerminateSimpleSameNamespace
result: failure
statistics:
Failed: 1
Passed: 3
Skipped: 0
supportedFeatures:
- GatewayAddressEmpty
- GatewayPort8080
- TLSRouteModeTerminate
unsupportedFeatures:
- GatewayBackendClientCertificate
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidation
- GatewayFrontendClientCertificateValidationInsecureFallback
- GatewayHTTPListenerIsolation
- GatewayHTTPSListenerDetectMisdirectedRequests
- GatewayInfrastructurePropagation
- GatewayStaticAddresses
- ListenerSet
- TLSRouteModeMixed
name: GATEWAY-TLS
summary: Core tests failed with 5 test failures. Extended tests failed with 1 test
failures.
succeededProvisionalTests:
- GatewayOptionalAddressValue |
jarvis9443
approved these changes
Aug 7, 2026
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Type of change:
What this PR does / why we need it:
Sync of apache/apisix-ingress-controller#2837.
An
ApisixRoutewhosematch.hostscontains an uppercase character is silently unroutable: every request for that host returns 404, on every path and for every casing of the requestHostheader.Route matching runs against
$host, which nginx always lowercases (ngx_http_validate_host()). APISIX normalizes the route object to match, inapisix/router.lua:apisix/http/service.luahas no equivalent, soservice.hostsis stored verbatim, and the defaultradixtree_host_urirouter keys its host buckets on the raw reversed host string:An uppercase host therefore ends up in a bucket keyed on e.g.
moc.elpmaxe.esaCdexiM, which the lowercase$hostcan never reach. The controller carries the host constraint on the service object only, so nothing normalizes it on the way in either.How
internal/ssl.NormalizeHostsalready lowercases, trims and deduplicates hosts, and both the webhook conflict detector and the SSL indexer use it. The translator did not — so what the controller matched on and what it wrote to the data plane could disagree. This routes the fourservice.Hostssites and the threessl.Snissites through it.Two more defects fall out of the same gap:
dedupGatewaySSLSNIscompares SNIs verbatim, so two listeners claiming the same SNI in different cases were never recognised as colliding and both reached the data plane, which rejects duplicate SNIs.TranslateGRPCRouteappends the listener hostnames to the route hostnames, which repeat in the common case, while the APISIX service schema declaresuniqueItemson hosts. Covered by a new unit test that produces["example.com", "example.com"]without the fix.Only
ApisixRouteandApisixTlscan carry an uppercase host today — Ingress hosts are validated as DNS-1123 subdomains and the Gateway APIHostnametype has a lowercase-only pattern — but the hostnames extracted from a certificate's SAN are unconstrained too.Verification
Reproduced end to end on
apache/apisix:3.16.0-debianin standalone mode, withservice.hosts: ["MixedCase.example.com"]and a route carrying nohostsof its own:Hostradixtree_host_uri(default)radixtree_uriMixedCase.example.commixedcase.example.comlowercase.example.com(control)radixtree_uriis unaffected because lua-resty-radixtree lowercases hosts itself, on both the config and the request side.The data plane asymmetry is fixed separately in apache/apisix#13781 and api7/api7-ee-3-gateway#2084; this change also keeps existing data plane versions working.
Pre-submission checklist:
Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
Tests