[feat][client] Expose OAuth2 mTLS client options

[equanz]

Motivation

AuthenticationOauth2 supports both client_secret_post and tls_client_auth token endpoint authentication methods.
However, the options required to use tls_client_auth are not currently exposed to TypeScript users.

ref.

• [improve][client] Implement tls_client_auth for AuthOauth2  pulsar-client-cpp#575
• https://github.com/apache/pulsar-client-cpp/blob/v4.2.0/lib/auth/AuthOauth2.cc#L45

• pulsar-client-node/pulsar-client-cpp.txt

  Line 2 in 749c25f

  CPP_CLIENT_VERSION=4.2.0

Modifications

• Expose OAuth2 TLS options

Verifying this change

• Make sure that the change passes the CI checks.

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• Added the type test

Documentation

• doc-required
  (Your PR needs to update docs and you will update later)

• doc-not-needed
  Because it's written in the API docs.

• doc
  (Your PR contains doc changes)

• doc-complete
  (Docs have been already added)

[equanz]

https://github.com/apache/pulsar-client-node/actions/runs/34463081200/job/102825221538?pr=505

 > [2/2] RUN apt-get update -y &&      apt-get install -y         curl         g++         make         python3:
0.363 Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye InRelease [75.1 kB]
0.435 Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security InRelease [27.2 kB]
0.436 Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates InRelease [44.0 kB]
2.094 Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main arm64 Packages [7955 kB]
5.416 Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates/main arm64 Packages [16.3 kB]

7.466 E: Release file for http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/dists/bullseye-security/InRelease is expired (invalid since 2d 12h 41min 44s). Updates for this repository will not be applied.
------

 1 warning found (use docker --debug to expand):
 - InvalidDefaultArgInFrom: Default value for ARG node:${NODE_VERSION}-bullseye results in empty or invalid base image name (line 22)
./pkg/linux/Dockerfile_linux_glibc:24

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
...
Valid-Until: Mon, 07 Sep 2026 21:13:04 UTC

https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/dists/bullseye-security/InRelease

Version: 11
Code Name: Bullseye
End of LTS: 2026-08-31

https://www.debian.org/releases/

The base image has reached end of life. We should update it to Bookworm or later version.