[CI] Pin edge build docker containers

[leezu]

Description

Currently the pinned containers used in the edge build are broken and things only work due to caching effects #16753
However, caching breaks in case of any changes to the edge build.
Thus #16753, which requires a change (cmake update) disabled pinning and switched to the upstream containers.

However, based on #17063 (comment) it's good to reintroduce pinning.

[samskalicky]

@apeforest assign [@larroy ]

[apeforest]

@larroy please assign yourself.

[larroy]

@apeforest how should I got about doing that?

[szha]

@apeforest non-committers need to comment on an issue before they can be assigned.