Stack overflow planning complex query

[andygrove]

Describe the bug
There is a regression since 13.0.0 affecting TPC-DS queries 4, 39, and 64. I now get a stack overflow during query planning and optimization for these queries.

The regression appears to have been introduced in #3916 (at least, that is where this starts happening for me).

To Reproduce

q4:

with year_total as (
 select c_customer_id customer_id
       ,c_first_name customer_first_name
       ,c_last_name customer_last_name
       ,c_preferred_cust_flag customer_preferred_cust_flag
       ,c_birth_country customer_birth_country
       ,c_login customer_login
       ,c_email_address customer_email_address
       ,d_year dyear
       ,sum(((ss_ext_list_price-ss_ext_wholesale_cost-ss_ext_discount_amt)+ss_ext_sales_price)/2) year_total
       ,'s' sale_type
 from customer
     ,store_sales
     ,date_dim
 where c_customer_sk = ss_customer_sk
   and ss_sold_date_sk = d_date_sk
 group by c_customer_id
         ,c_first_name
         ,c_last_name
         ,c_preferred_cust_flag
         ,c_birth_country
         ,c_login
         ,c_email_address
         ,d_year
 union all
 select c_customer_id customer_id
       ,c_first_name customer_first_name
       ,c_last_name customer_last_name
       ,c_preferred_cust_flag customer_preferred_cust_flag
       ,c_birth_country customer_birth_country
       ,c_login customer_login
       ,c_email_address customer_email_address
       ,d_year dyear
       ,sum((((cs_ext_list_price-cs_ext_wholesale_cost-cs_ext_discount_amt)+cs_ext_sales_price)/2) ) year_total
       ,'c' sale_type
 from customer
     ,catalog_sales
     ,date_dim
 where c_customer_sk = cs_bill_customer_sk
   and cs_sold_date_sk = d_date_sk
 group by c_customer_id
         ,c_first_name
         ,c_last_name
         ,c_preferred_cust_flag
         ,c_birth_country
         ,c_login
         ,c_email_address
         ,d_year
union all
 select c_customer_id customer_id
       ,c_first_name customer_first_name
       ,c_last_name customer_last_name
       ,c_preferred_cust_flag customer_preferred_cust_flag
       ,c_birth_country customer_birth_country
       ,c_login customer_login
       ,c_email_address customer_email_address
       ,d_year dyear
       ,sum((((ws_ext_list_price-ws_ext_wholesale_cost-ws_ext_discount_amt)+ws_ext_sales_price)/2) ) year_total
       ,'w' sale_type
 from customer
     ,web_sales
     ,date_dim
 where c_customer_sk = ws_bill_customer_sk
   and ws_sold_date_sk = d_date_sk
 group by c_customer_id
         ,c_first_name
         ,c_last_name
         ,c_preferred_cust_flag
         ,c_birth_country
         ,c_login
         ,c_email_address
         ,d_year
         )
  select  
                  t_s_secyear.customer_id
                 ,t_s_secyear.customer_first_name
                 ,t_s_secyear.customer_last_name
                 ,t_s_secyear.customer_email_address
 from year_total t_s_firstyear
     ,year_total t_s_secyear
     ,year_total t_c_firstyear
     ,year_total t_c_secyear
     ,year_total t_w_firstyear
     ,year_total t_w_secyear
 where t_s_secyear.customer_id = t_s_firstyear.customer_id
   and t_s_firstyear.customer_id = t_c_secyear.customer_id
   and t_s_firstyear.customer_id = t_c_firstyear.customer_id
   and t_s_firstyear.customer_id = t_w_firstyear.customer_id
   and t_s_firstyear.customer_id = t_w_secyear.customer_id
   and t_s_firstyear.sale_type = 's'
   and t_c_firstyear.sale_type = 'c'
   and t_w_firstyear.sale_type = 'w'
   and t_s_secyear.sale_type = 's'
   and t_c_secyear.sale_type = 'c'
   and t_w_secyear.sale_type = 'w'
   and t_s_firstyear.dyear =  2001
   and t_s_secyear.dyear = 2001+1
   and t_c_firstyear.dyear =  2001
   and t_c_secyear.dyear =  2001+1
   and t_w_firstyear.dyear = 2001
   and t_w_secyear.dyear = 2001+1
   and t_s_firstyear.year_total > 0
   and t_c_firstyear.year_total > 0
   and t_w_firstyear.year_total > 0
   and case when t_c_firstyear.year_total > 0 then t_c_secyear.year_total / t_c_firstyear.year_total else null end
           > case when t_s_firstyear.year_total > 0 then t_s_secyear.year_total / t_s_firstyear.year_total else null end
   and case when t_c_firstyear.year_total > 0 then t_c_secyear.year_total / t_c_firstyear.year_total else null end
           > case when t_w_firstyear.year_total > 0 then t_w_secyear.year_total / t_w_firstyear.year_total else null end
 order by t_s_secyear.customer_id
         ,t_s_secyear.customer_first_name
         ,t_s_secyear.customer_last_name
         ,t_s_secyear.customer_email_address
limit 100;

Expected behavior
A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.

Additional context
Related to #1444 and #1434

[alamb]

Also related #4066

[alamb]

Note I fixed a seemingly similar stack overflow in the past via #1047 maybe we can apply the same sort of workaround here (which was basically to make more smaller functions)

In this prior case release mode was just fine, but debug mode was not

[alamb]

Proposed fix here #4779