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Add sparse-attention indexer Q and K-cache fake quantization - #2552

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sychen52:indexer_k_qdq
Oct 2, 2026
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sychen52:indexer_k_qdq

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@sychen52 sychen52 commented Sep 26, 2026 •

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What does this PR do?

Type of change: new feature

Adds fake quantization of the sparse-attention indexer key cache and query:

  • indexer_k_quantizer and indexer_q_quantizer on the vLLM indexers of DeepSeek-V4 and GLM-5.3-Flash, and on the Megatron-Core
    CSAIndexer (DeepSeek-V4).
  • Recipe units configs/ptq/units/indexer_k_nvfp4 and indexer_q_nvfp4: NVFP4 with the global scale fixed to 1, so there is no
    amax to calibrate or export.
  • mtq.quantize raises if a recipe enables one of them but the model's indexer has none (unsupported model or version).

The QDQ runs in the basis vLLM quantizes to FP8: unrotated for DeepSeek-V4 (Megatron's Hadamard rotation is undone around it),
rotated for GLM-5.3-Flash.

Also:

  • vllm_serve_sparse_attn.py: import make_arg_parser from its vLLM 0.29+ location.
  • fakequant_worker.py: move quantizers to the GPU before CUDA-graph capture (a constant_amax buffer starts on the CPU).
  • megatron_generate: pass no attention mask to DeepSeek-V4 hybrid attention, which rejects one.

Usage

# indexer_nvfp4_only.yaml
# modelopt-schema: modelopt.recipe.config.ModelOptPTQRecipe
imports:
  base_disable_all: configs/ptq/units/base_disable_all
  indexer_k_nvfp4: configs/ptq/units/indexer_k_nvfp4
  indexer_q_nvfp4: configs/ptq/units/indexer_q_nvfp4
metadata:
  description: NVFP4 fake quantization of the sparse-attention indexer key cache and query only.
quantize:
  algorithm: max
  quant_cfg:
    - $import: base_disable_all
    - $import: indexer_k_nvfp4
    - $import: indexer_q_nvfp4
# vLLM eval
RECIPE_PATH=indexer_nvfp4_only.yaml python examples/vllm_serve/vllm_serve_fakequant.py <model> -tp 8
# Megatron-Bridge (DeepSeek-V4): PTQ, then QAD from the PTQ checkpoint
torchrun --nproc_per_node 8 examples/megatron_bridge/quantize.py --hf_model_name_or_path <hf_model> \
  --recipe indexer_nvfp4_only.yaml --export_megatron_path <ptq_ckpt>
torchrun --nproc_per_node 8 examples/megatron_bridge/distill.py --student_hf_path <hf_model> \
  --teacher_hf_path <hf_model> --student_megatron_path <ptq_ckpt> --output_dir <qad_out>

Testing

  • CPU: test_quantize_cpu.py + tests/unit/recipe: 506 passed.
  • GPU (B200, vLLM 0.30): test_vllm_indexer_quant.py + test_vllm_dynamic_modules.py: 40 passed. This includes tiny DeepSeek-V4 /
    GLM-5.3-Flash end-to-end runs and a check against vLLM's DeepSeek-V4 query kernel. One test was deselected:
    test_tiny_deepseek_mla_quantize, which also fails on main with vLLM 0.30.
  • GPU (NeMo 26.08 + Megatron-LM main): the CSA indexer and DeepSeek-V4 mask tests pass. CI's Megatron-Core has no CSA yet, so CI
    skips the CSA test.
  • Tiny-model use cases:
    • vLLM serving (TP1/TP2, CUDA graphs): every indexer cache row written holds NVFP4 values, and the query QDQ runs on every decode
      step.
    • Megatron-Bridge (2×B200): DeepSeek-V4 PTQ → QAD → save → resume, including the fused production path; 70 checks pass. GLM-5
      (unsupported) stops at the guard.
  • Real weights, earlier revision (key cache only, calibrated amax): GLM-5.3-Flash TP4, DeepSeek-V4-Flash TP4 and DeepSeek-V4-Pro TP8
    serve with CUDA graphs. The NLL change is within noise (DeepSeek-V4-Pro: +4.4e-5 nats/token, s.e. 2.5e-4).
  • Not tested: QAD with real weights; TP>1 / PP for the Megatron indexer.

Before your PR is "Ready for review"

  • Is this change backward compatible?: ❌ Megatron-Core CSAIndexer becomes a quantization module and saves indexer._extra_state.
    A DeepSeek-V4 torch_dist checkpoint quantized with an earlier release needs one non-strict load (--dist-ckpt-strictness log_unexpected) until it is saved again (see CHANGELOG).
  • If you copied code from any other sources or added a new PIP dependency, did you follow guidance in CONTRIBUTING.md: N/A
  • Did you write any new necessary tests?: ✅
  • Did you update Changelog?: ✅
  • Did you get Claude approval on this PR?: ❌

Additional Information

  • GLM-5.3-Flash is not in Megatron-Core yet; its Megatron support will follow once Megatron-Bridge supports the model.
  • Only vLLM's default FP8 indexer cache is supported; DeepSeek-V4's MXFP4 indexer cache (indexer_kv_dtype="mxfp4") is rejected.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Added fake quantization for sparse-attention indexer keys in DeepSeek-V4 and GLM-5.3-Flash, with guidance for enabling it in vLLM.
    • Added support for calibrating and serving quantized indexer keys with Megatron-Core, including preservation of quantizer state across checkpoint save and restore.
  • Bug Fixes
    • Improved vLLM cache allocation and compatibility across launcher versions.
    • Corrected attention-mask handling for DeepSeek-V4 hybrid attention and added checks to catch configurations where indexer-key quantization is not enabled.

@sychen52
sychen52 requested review from a team as code owners September 26, 2026 18:29
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  • modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/megatron_indexer.py
  • modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/vllm_indexer.py

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Adds fake quantization for sparse-attention indexer keys in Megatron-Core and supported vLLM models. The changes add quantizer configuration and validation, cache and checkpoint handling, serving integration, and tests. Megatron prefill and generation also change causal-mask handling for dsv4_hybrid models.

Changes

Indexer-key quantization

Layer / File(s) Summary
Quantizer configuration and validation
modelopt_recipes/configs/ptq/units/indexer_k_nvfp4.yaml, modelopt_recipes/configs/ptq/units/README.md, modelopt/torch/quantization/model_quant.py, tests/unit/torch/quantization/test_quantize_cpu.py
Adds an NVFP4 recipe for indexer_k_quantizer. Quantization checks that the enabled quantizer was attached to an indexer when the model contains one. Unit tests cover missing conversions, converted indexers, and sequential quantizers.
Megatron-Core indexer quantization
modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/megatron_indexer.py, modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/__init__.py, CHANGELOG.rst, tests/gpu_megatron/torch/quantization/plugins/test_megatron.py
Registers a quantized CSAIndexer and applies key quantization in the serving basis. The quantizer state is saved and restored. GPU tests cover calibration, quantization, and checkpoint round trips.
vLLM indexer cache quantization and serving integration
modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/vllm_indexer.py, modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/vllm.py, modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/__init__.py, examples/vllm_serve/*, examples/vllm_serve/README.md, CHANGELOG.rst, tests/_test_utils/torch/transformers_models.py, tests/gpu_vllm/torch/quantization/*
Adds FP8 cache-row re-quantization and cache-writer hooks for supported DeepSeek-V4 and GLM-5.3-Flash indexers. Serving changes cover calibration block limits, CLI import fallbacks, quantizer device placement, and compilation handling. Fixtures and tests cover cache handling and end-to-end serving.

Megatron causal-mask handling

Layer / File(s) Summary
dsv4_hybrid mask handling
modelopt/torch/utils/plugins/megatron_generate.py, tests/gpu_megatron/torch/utils/plugins/test_utils_megatron.py
Megatron prefill and multi-token generation omit explicit causal masks for dsv4_hybrid models. The distributed test checks mask behavior for standard and dsv4_hybrid attention.

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~50 minutes

Change: Feature

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant CacheWriter
  participant IndexerWrapper
  participant IndexerKQuantizer
  CacheWriter->>IndexerWrapper: Write indexer keys to cache
  IndexerWrapper->>IndexerKQuantizer: Re-quantize eligible cache rows
  IndexerKQuantizer->>IndexerWrapper: Provide quantized cache-row values
Loading

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to a080c

No concrete merge-blocking issue remains in the supplied changes. Merge after normal checks; compatibility across supported vLLM versions has not been fully independently verified.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 2

❌ Failed checks (2 warnings)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 45.71% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 105 functions across 18 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Title check ⚠️ Warning The title correctly identifies sparse-attention indexer K-cache fake quantization, but it also claims Q-cache fake quantization. The changeset does not add Q-cache fake quantization. Remove the unsupported Q-cache reference. Use: "Add sparse-attention indexer K-cache fake quantization".
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Security Anti-Patterns ✅ Passed PASS. The authoritative diff adds no prohibited torch.load(..., weights_only=False), numpy.load(..., allow_pickle=True), hardcoded trust_remote_code=True, external-input eval()/exec(), or `#…
Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
✨ Finishing Touches 💡 2
⚔️ Resolve merge conflicts 💡
  • Resolve merge conflict in branch indexer_k_qdq
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Bot review (claude-opus-5-5) — DM the bot to share feedback.

This PR is a nudge, mainly because it has 669 lines of core logic, over the 500-line budget. The code follows the existing QuantModuleRegistry plugin pattern and is well tested. The checkpoint break also needs an owner's sign-off.

Needs action:

  • ✂️ Split into stacked [x/4] PRs, each with its own tests and passing CI, merged in order and linked to each other: [1/4] vLLM compat fixes (examples/vllm_serve/*, disable_compilation); [2/4] Megatron fixes (megatron_generate.py, distill.py freeze); [3/4] model_quant.py guard, recipe unit, megatron_indexer.py; [4/4] vllm_indexer.py. plugins/ alone is 573 lines, so it has to be split by file this way.
  • Confirm the owner accepts the backward-breaking indexer._extra_state change. Old torch_dist checkpoints will need a non-strict load.
  • Remove the per-call cost in the GLM-5.3-Flash kernel wrapper (_wrap_kpool_cache_writer). It runs signature.bind and scans a WeakSet on every kernel call, even when the quantizer is disabled. Return early when no enabled indexers are registered.
  • Say whether distill.py should also freeze CSAIndexer when dsa_indexer_loss_coeff is 0, or explain why only DSAIndexer needs it.
  • Change the copyright year in indexer_k_nvfp4.yaml from 2024 to 2026, since it is a new file.

No action needed:

  • Design is settled. It adds modules through the existing QuantModuleRegistry/QuantModule system and doesn't create a new one.
  • Test coverage is strong: unit tests, Megatron DSA/CSA tests, vLLM end-to-end runs and the guard tests. No existing tests are changed except the added DSA branch in get_mcore_gpt_model.

Comment thread modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/vllm_indexer.py
Comment thread examples/megatron_bridge/distill.py Outdated
Comment thread modelopt_recipes/configs/ptq/units/indexer_k_nvfp4.yaml Outdated

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Actionable comments posted: 2


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
In @CHANGELOG.rst:
- Line 24: Shorten the indexer key-cache quantization entry to one or two
sentences by merging the Megatron-Core DSAIndexer rotate-activation requirement
into the enablement sentence or removing a clause, while preserving the key
feature and configuration details.

In @tests/gpu_megatron/torch/quantization/plugins/test_megatron.py:
- Around line 2121-2130: Add a brief comment above the in-function imports in
`_csa_indexer_model` explaining that the CSA module may be absent in older
Megatron-Core builds; keep the imports inside the function.

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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 23355ed and 9073d87.

📒 Files selected for processing (21)
  • CHANGELOG.rst
  • examples/megatron_bridge/distill.py
  • examples/vllm_serve/README.md
  • examples/vllm_serve/vllm_ptq_utils.py
  • examples/vllm_serve/vllm_serve_fakequant.py
  • examples/vllm_serve/vllm_serve_sparse_attn.py
  • modelopt/torch/quantization/model_quant.py
  • modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/__init__.py
  • modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/megatron_indexer.py
  • modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/vllm.py
  • modelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/vllm_indexer.py
  • modelopt/torch/utils/plugins/megatron_generate.py
  • modelopt_recipes/configs/ptq/units/README.md
  • modelopt_recipes/configs/ptq/units/indexer_k_nvfp4.yaml
  • tests/_test_utils/torch/megatron/models.py
  • tests/_test_utils/torch/transformers_models.py
  • tests/gpu_megatron/torch/quantization/plugins/test_megatron.py
  • tests/gpu_megatron/torch/utils/plugins/test_utils_megatron.py
  • tests/gpu_vllm/torch/quantization/test_vllm_dynamic_modules.py
  • tests/gpu_vllm/torch/quantization/test_vllm_indexer_quant.py
  • tests/unit/torch/quantization/test_quantize_cpu.py

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Comment thread CHANGELOG.rst Outdated
Comment thread tests/gpu_megatron/torch/quantization/plugins/test_megatron.py
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Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 85.95041% with 34 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 78.65%. Comparing base (e5b6332) to head (9d4ee45).
⚠️ Report is 17 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines Patch % Lines
...opt/torch/quantization/plugins/megatron_indexer.py 40.00% 27 Missing ⚠️
...odelopt/torch/quantization/plugins/vllm_indexer.py 95.97% 7 Missing ⚠️
Additional details and impacted files
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2552      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   69.46%   78.65%   +9.18%     
==========================================
  Files         611      614       +3     
  Lines       68205    69801    +1596     
==========================================
+ Hits        47380    54903    +7523     
+ Misses      20825    14898    -5927     
Flag Coverage Δ
examples-diffusers 21.26% <2.89%> (-0.10%) ⬇️
examples-gpt-oss 13.52% <0.82%> (-0.07%) ⬇️
examples-hf_ptq 23.11% <2.89%> (-0.15%) ⬇️
examples-llm_distill 13.58% <0.82%> (-0.07%) ⬇️
examples-llm_eval 17.52% <2.89%> (-0.08%) ⬇️
examples-llm_qat 17.69% <2.89%> (-0.09%) ⬇️
examples-llm_sparsity 15.96% <0.82%> (-0.08%) ⬇️
examples-megatron_bridge 26.59% <33.88%> (-0.10%) ⬇️
examples-specdec_bench 13.28% <0.82%> (-0.07%) ⬇️
examples-speculative_decoding 17.89% <2.89%> (-0.15%) ⬇️
examples-torch_onnx 21.82% <2.89%> (-0.11%) ⬇️
examples-torch_trt 15.33% <2.89%> (-0.07%) ⬇️
examples-vllm_serve 13.76% <0.82%> (-0.07%) ⬇️
gpu 58.46% <81.81%> (+36.89%) ⬆️
regression 15.20% <0.82%> (-0.06%) ⬇️
unit 59.36% <7.02%> (+0.20%) ⬆️

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Bot review (claude-opus-5-5) — DM the bot to share feedback.

The code is sound, but none of the four open points from the last review have changed in this revision. The PR is also over the size budget, at 669 core-logic lines against 500. Your instruction to ship the vLLM and Megatron support together means the indexer plugins can't be split apart, so the leftover size needs your explicit waiver.

Needs action:

  • ✂️ Split this PR into stacked [x/3] PRs. Each needs its own tests and passing CI, lands in order, and links to the others. [1/3] vLLM compat fixes: examples/vllm_serve/* and disable_compilation in plugins/vllm.py. [2/3] Megatron fixes: megatron_generate.py mask, distill.py freeze, test_utils_megatron.py. [3/3] indexer_k_quantizer: the model_quant.py guard, the recipe unit, megatron_indexer.py and vllm_indexer.py. [3/3] is still about 614 lines, because the backends ship together; waive that on the PR.
  • Confirm you accept the backward-breaking indexer._extra_state change. Old torch_dist checkpoints will need one non-strict load.
  • Add an early return to _wrap_kpool_cache_writer in vllm_indexer.py for when no enabled indexer is registered. It still runs signature.bind and scans the WeakSet on every kernel call.
  • Explain in distill.py why only DSAIndexer is frozen when dsa_indexer_loss_coeff is 0, or freeze CSAIndexer too. There is no reply or change on this yet.
  • Change the copyright year in indexer_k_nvfp4.yaml from 2024 to 2026.

No action needed:

  • The design is settled: it uses the existing QuantModuleRegistry/QuantModule system.
  • CodeRabbit's two minor points are still open: the three-sentence CHANGELOG entry, and the unexplained in-function imports in _csa_indexer_model.
  • The only change to an existing test is the added DSA branch in get_mcore_gpt_model, which is justified.

Add indexer_k_quantizer for vLLM (DeepSeek-V3.2/V4, GLM-5.x, GLM-5.3-Flash)
and Megatron-Core (DSAIndexer, CSAIndexer) indexers, plus the
configs/ptq/units/indexer_k_nvfp4 recipe unit.

Also:
- vllm_serve: import make_arg_parser from its vLLM 0.29+ location.
- vllm_ptq_utils: cap calibration blocks at each cache group's block-table row.
- megatron_generate: pass no attention mask to DeepSeek-V4 hybrid attention.
- megatron_bridge/distill.py: freeze DSA indexers when dsa_indexer_loss_coeff is 0.

Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
…only freeze

Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
A constant_amax buffer is created on the CPU when the config is applied, and
copying it per call fails during CUDA graph capture.

Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
Drop DeepSeek-V3.2 and GLM-5.x support (Megatron-Core DSAIndexer, vLLM
deepseek_v32 and deepseek_v2 indexers) along with the distill.py DSA indexer
freeze. The DeepSeek-V4 CSA test now also covers torch-dist checkpoint round
trips.

Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
New indexer_q_quantizer on the DeepSeek-V4 (vLLM, Megatron-Core) and GLM-5.3-Flash (vLLM)
indexers, applied in the basis vLLM quantizes the query to FP8, and the new
configs/ptq/units/indexer_q_nvfp4 unit.

Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
@sychen52 sychen52 changed the title Add sparse-attention indexer K-cache fake quantization Add sparse-attention indexer Q and K-cache fake quantization Sep 30, 2026
Comment thread modelopt/torch/quantization/model_quant.py Outdated

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LGTM overall

A pipeline stage holding none of a layer-selective recipe's indexers no longer raises; an
unsupported indexer or a pattern matching no indexer raises on every rank together.

Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
@sychen52
sychen52 enabled auto-merge (squash) October 2, 2026 17:32
@sychen52
sychen52 merged commit f094f89 into NVIDIA:main Oct 2, 2026
57 checks passed
sychen52 added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 3, 2026
### What does this PR do?

Type of change: New feature

NVFP4 fake quant of the MLA latent KV cache (GLM-5.3-Flash, DeepSeek-V3)
in vLLM fake-quant serving:
- Add the `configs/ptq/units/kv_nvfp4_mla` unit: NVFP4 on
`*kv_c_bmm_quantizer` (the cached latent) with the global scale fixed to
1. The existing KV units (`*[kv]_bmm_quantizer`) don't match it. The
RoPE key part (`k_pe`, e.g. in DeepSeek-V3) stays unquantized.
- Add an example recipe to `examples/vllm_serve/README.md`.

### Usage

```bash
# recipe: examples/vllm_serve/README.md
RECIPE_PATH=kv_nvfp4_mla_only.yaml python vllm_serve_fakequant.py zai-org/GLM-5.3-Flash -tp 4 --moe-backend auto
```

### Testing

B200, vLLM 0.30:
- `tests/gpu_vllm/torch/quantization`: 51 passed, including the 2 new
tests. The 1 error, `test_tiny_deepseek_mla_quantize`, already fails on
vLLM 0.30.
- End to end with the README recipe on tiny random-weight models (run on
an earlier revision of this branch; the unit and recipe are unchanged):
- GLM-5.3-Flash (BF16 and FP8; FP8 also at TP2) and DeepSeek-V3: every
latent row written to the cache outside CUDA-graph replay is on the
NVFP4 grid.
  - GLM-5.3-Flash at TP1: CUDA-graph logprobs match eager.

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- Is this change backward compatible?: ✅
- If you copied code from any other sources or added a new PIP
dependency, did you follow guidance in `CONTRIBUTING.md`: N/A
- Did you write any new necessary tests?: ✅
- Did you update
[Changelog](https://github.com/NVIDIA/Model-Optimizer/blob/main/CHANGELOG.rst)?:
✅
- Did you get Claude approval on this PR?: ❌

### Additional Information

Related: #2552, #2539.


<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai
-->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

* **New Features**
* Added support for serving pre-quantized checkpoints when recipes leave
their existing quantized layers unchanged. Recipes that attempt to
fake-quantize those layers are not supported.
* Added NVFP4 fake quantization for MLA latent KV caches and support for
MLA models with FP8 KV caches.
* Added serving guidance for MoE checkpoints and MLA KV-cache
configurations, including the vLLM 0.16+ preset.
* **Bug Fixes**
* NVFP4 and cast-mode KV-cache serving no longer requires
`--enforce-eager`.
* The example serving launcher disables vLLM’s compile cache by default,
unless it is already configured.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

---------

Signed-off-by: Shiyang Chen <shiychen@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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3 participants