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Arduino unable to connect to database #237
Description
As recommended in the wiki documentation, I tested that I can connect to the database from a different system:
paul@paul-desktop:~$ sudo mysql -h192.168.1.201 -ugranary_sensors -ppassword --port=3306
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 122
Server version: 10.11.5-MariaDB-log Alpine Linux
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from granary_sensors.granary_sensors
-> ;
ERROR 1142 (42000): SELECT command denied to user 'granary_sensors'@'paul-desktop.lan' for table `granary_sensors`.`granary_sensors`
MariaDB [(none)]> insert into granary_sensors.granary_sensors (sensor_name, sensor_value) values ('tt', -999);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
The above is as expected. I have granted permission to the user granary_sensors to insert records into only that one table, and nothing else. That is why the select command fails but the insert command succeeds. So far, great.
Next, I took the example sketch from this library, amended it with my desired details and uploaded it to a Wemos D1 Mini Pro (an ESP8266 board):
/*
MySQL Connector/Arduino Example : connect by wifi
This example demonstrates how to connect to a MySQL server from an
Arduino using an Arduino-compatible Wifi shield. Note that "compatible"
means it must conform to the Ethernet class library or be a derivative
with the same classes and methods.
For more information and documentation, visit the wiki:
https://github.com/ChuckBell/MySQL_Connector_Arduino/wiki.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
1) Change the address of the server to the IP address of the MySQL server
2) Change the user and password to a valid MySQL user and password
3) Change the SSID and pass to match your WiFi network
4) Connect a USB cable to your Arduino
5) Select the correct board and port
6) Compile and upload the sketch to your Arduino
7) Once uploaded, open Serial Monitor (use 115200 speed) and observe
If you do not see messages indicating you have a connection, refer to the
manual for troubleshooting tips. The most common issues are the server is
not accessible from the network or the user name and password is incorrect.
Created by: Dr. Charles A. Bell
*/
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> // Use this for WiFi instead of Ethernet.h
#include <MySQL_Connection.h>
#include <MySQL_Cursor.h>
IPAddress server_addr(192,168,1,201); // IP of the MySQL *server* here
char user[] = "granary_sensors"; // MySQL user login username
char password[] = "password"; // MySQL user login password
// Sample query
char INSERT_SQL[] = "INSERT INTO granary_sensors.granary_sensors (sensor_name, sensor_value) VALUES ('TT', -999)";
// WiFi card example
char ssid[] = "granary"; // your SSID
char pass[] = "password"; // your SSID Password
WiFiClient client; // Use this for WiFi instead of EthernetClient
MySQL_Connection conn(&client);
MySQL_Cursor* cursor;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
while (!Serial); // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only
// Begin WiFi section
Serial.printf("\nConnecting to %s", ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
// print out info about the connection:
Serial.println("\nConnected to network");
Serial.print("My IP address is: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.print("Connecting to SQL... ");
if (conn.connect(server_addr, 3306, user, password))
Serial.println("OK.");
else
Serial.println("FAILED.");
// create MySQL cursor object
cursor = new MySQL_Cursor(&conn);
}
void loop()
{
if (conn.connected())
cursor->execute(INSERT_SQL);
delay(5000);
}
I get the following error in Serial Monitor:
14:34:55.908 -> ..............
14:35:03.128 -> Connected to network
14:35:03.128 -> My IP address is: 192.168.1.76
14:35:03.128 -> Connecting to SQL... ...trying...
14:35:03.460 -> Error: 88 = Access denied for user 'granary_sensors'@'ESP-D091A2.lan' (using password: YES).
14:35:03.460 -> FAILED.
Can anyone please help me spot my error, or suggest next steps to diagnose?
Arduino IDE: 1.8.19
MySQL_Connector_Arduino library version installed: 1.2.0
ESP8266 board core version: 3.1.2
Permissions for the granary_sensors user:
paul@paul-desktop:~$ mysql -uroot -ppassword -h192.168.1.201 --port=3306
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 150
Server version: 10.11.5-MariaDB-log Alpine Linux
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR granary_sensors;
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for granary_sensors@% |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `granary_sensors`@`%` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*733B51F92EB06BE45A3761D5B53B881709A82C03' |
| GRANT INSERT ON `granary_sensors`.`granary_sensors` TO `granary_sensors`@`%` WITH GRANT OPTION |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.001 sec)
Activity
ChuckBell commentedon Sep 6, 2024
PaulRB commentedon Sep 7, 2024
Thanks for responding, Dr Bell!
I'm not sure if I am using mysql_native_password or not. I understand that is the default password method with MySQL. However, I am actually using MariaDB. I understand this is supposed to be a more-or-less "drop-in" replacement for MySQL, but I don't know if the password encryption method is the same. I will research that and also consider switching to MySQL.
Do you know if this library has been tested with MariaDB?
I am using the '%' wildcard rather than an IP address or hostname when granting access permissions to the user. You can see this in my previous post, and the fact that I can connect from a couple of different addresses (via WiFi and Ethernet) seems to show that the wildcard is working as expected.
If I do install MySQL in place of MariaDB, i'm not sure it will be an Oracle distribution or not. I will probably use a ready-made Docker app/container. I will try to find out if it is based on an Oracle distribution.
PaulRB commentedon Sep 8, 2024
Hi again,
To remove any doubts about compatibility of the library with MariaDB, I have uninstalled it from the server, installed MySQL and re-created the database, tables, users etc. as before.
For information, the server in this case is a Raspberry Pi 4, with an SSD connected by USB 3 and with Raspberry Pi OS and CasaOS installed. I then installed MySQL Server Docker image from the Docker repo, using the "Custom Install" function in CasaOS (because the CasaOS app store has only MariaDB and not MySQL available).
Then I tested that I can connect and insert data from other clients on my LAN (a desktop and a laptop both running Ubuntu 22.04):
Lots of mentions of Oracle there, hopefully this refers to the MySQL Server rather than the MySQL Client I installed on the desktop.
Anyway, that seems to work well. There is no noticeable delay in connecting, from a client connected to my LAN via either Ethernet or WiFi.
Back to the Arduino...
Using the Arduino code I posted previously, I get:
Which feels like a step backward!
The "ERROR: Timeout" appears after around 3s.
I found the 3000ms timeout in MySQL_Packet.cpp and increased it to 10000ms. I then uploaded to the Arduino again and got same error message, this time after about 10s.
PaulRB commentedon Sep 8, 2024
Checking the grants for the user:
Aha! I will try to figure out how to fix that and report back.
PaulRB commentedon Sep 8, 2024
I'm not having much success enabling mysql_native_password.
I tried starting MySQL with the command
mysqld --mysql-native-password=ONbut then I can't connect to it either with Adminer or MySQL Client.
I tried to get MySQL Client to use mysql_native_password like this:
The Arduino now shows these errors:
I also came across this warning on this page:
which makes me think even if I can get this working, if I upgrade MySQL in future, it might stop working again.
ChuckBell commentedon Sep 17, 2024
PaulRB commentedon Sep 17, 2024
Hi, and thanks for responding again.
I have found that the plugin is installed by default in MySQL 8.4, but disabled, so can't be used for use with ALTER USER etc. I've not been able to figure out how to enable it. I found various commands like options and configuration file options, but when I try any of them, I can no longer connect to the database as any user, not even root. My theory at the moment is that these options/configurations set it to be the required authentication for all users. But as I can no longer connect to the database from other PC/laptop using MySQL client or Adminer, I can't confirm or rule that out.
Have you tested your library by connecting it to MariaDB instead of MySQL? MariaDB has the mysql_native_password plugin enabled by default.
EK76 commentedon Oct 31, 2025
The mysql_native_password plugin is removed in MySQL 9.0.
Is there support for the caching_sha2_password plugin?
ChuckBell commentedon Oct 31, 2025
EK76 commentedon Oct 31, 2025
Ok, thank you for your answer.