From 7daa9908c21bb374eb4c101031a5247adebec939 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ANSHSINGH050404 <114014895+ANSHSINGH050404@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2026 12:24:34 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] fix(core): enforce maxElapsed against wall-clock in
 ExponentialBackoff.execute

Closes #3726
---
 .changeset/backoff-maxelapsed-wallclock.md |  5 +++++
 packages/core/src/v3/apps/backoff.ts       | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/backoff-maxelapsed-wallclock.md

diff --git a/.changeset/backoff-maxelapsed-wallclock.md b/.changeset/backoff-maxelapsed-wallclock.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4f0c5fb0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/backoff-maxelapsed-wallclock.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@trigger.dev/core": patch
+---
+
+Honor `maxElapsed` against real wall-clock time in `ExponentialBackoff.execute()`, including time spent inside the callback—not only sleep delays.
diff --git a/packages/core/src/v3/apps/backoff.ts b/packages/core/src/v3/apps/backoff.ts
index cdd467e3f82..53e275ba07d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/v3/apps/backoff.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/v3/apps/backoff.ts
@@ -290,8 +290,16 @@ export class ExponentialBackoff {
   > {
     let elapsedMs = 0;
     let finalError: unknown = undefined;
+    // maxElapsed is in seconds (see class docs). Enforce wall-clock time for
+    // the whole execute() loop (sleeps + callbacks), not only sleep delays.
+    const maxElapsedMs = this.#maxElapsed * 1000;
+    const wallStart = Date.now();
 
     for await (const { delay, retry } of this) {
+      if (Date.now() - wallStart > maxElapsedMs) {
+        break;
+      }
+
       const start = Date.now();
 
       if (retry > 0) {
@@ -299,6 +307,10 @@ export class ExponentialBackoff {
         await timeout(delay.milliseconds);
       }
 
+      if (Date.now() - wallStart > maxElapsedMs) {
+        break;
+      }
+
       let attemptTimeout: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined = undefined;
 
       try {