diff --git a/doc/api/http.md b/doc/api/http.md
index f263469d807c..919b8a0a2bc7 100644
--- a/doc/api/http.md
+++ b/doc/api/http.md
@@ -215,9 +215,15 @@ changes:
       If undefined, no proxy is used for HTTPS requests.
     * `NO_PROXY` {string|undefined} Patterns specifying the endpoints
       that should not be routed through a proxy.
-    * `http_proxy` {string|undefined} Same as `HTTP_PROXY`. If both are set, `http_proxy` takes precedence.
-    * `https_proxy` {string|undefined} Same as `HTTPS_PROXY`. If both are set, `https_proxy` takes precedence.
-    * `no_proxy` {string|undefined} Same as `NO_PROXY`. If both are set, `no_proxy` takes precedence.
+    * `http_proxy` {string|undefined} Same as `HTTP_PROXY`. If both are set, `http_proxy` takes
+      precedence, including when `http_proxy` is explicitly set to an empty string (in which case
+      no proxy is used for HTTP requests, and `HTTP_PROXY` is not consulted).
+    * `https_proxy` {string|undefined} Same as `HTTPS_PROXY`. If both are set, `https_proxy` takes
+      precedence, including when `https_proxy` is explicitly set to an empty string (in which case
+      no proxy is used for HTTPS requests, and `HTTPS_PROXY` is not consulted).
+    * `no_proxy` {string|undefined} Same as `NO_PROXY`. If both are set, `no_proxy` takes
+      precedence, including when `no_proxy` is explicitly set to an empty string (in which case
+      `NO_PROXY` is not consulted, and no hosts are bypassed unless matched by other rules).
   * `defaultPort` {number} Default port to use when the port is not specified
     in requests. **Default:** `80`.
   * `protocol` {string} The protocol to use for the agent. **Default:** `'http:'`.
@@ -4579,12 +4585,13 @@ or an object with specific setting overriding the environment.
 The following properties of the `proxyEnv` are checked to configure proxy
 support.
 
-* `HTTP_PROXY` or `http_proxy`: Proxy server URL for HTTP requests. If both are set,
-  `http_proxy` takes precedence.
-* `HTTPS_PROXY` or `https_proxy`: Proxy server URL for HTTPS requests. If both are set,
-  `https_proxy` takes precedence.
-* `NO_PROXY` or `no_proxy`: Comma-separated list of hosts to bypass the proxy. If both are set,
-  `no_proxy` takes precedence.
+#### Precedence and empty values
+
+For each pair above, the lower-cased variable takes precedence over the upper-cased one
+whenever the lower-cased variable is explicitly set in the environment — **even if it is
+set to an empty string**. An empty lower-cased value is not treated as unset: it overrides
+the upper-cased variable rather than falling back to it. To have the upper-cased variable
+apply, the lower-cased variable must be unset entirely (not merely empty).
 
 If the request is made to a Unix domain socket, the proxy settings will be ignored.
 
diff --git a/lib/internal/http.js b/lib/internal/http.js
index 999ade29ed07..62afbeb80bbf 100644
--- a/lib/internal/http.js
+++ b/lib/internal/http.js
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ function parseProxyUrl(env, protocol) {
   // Get the proxy url - following the most popular convention, lower case takes precedence.
   // See https://about.gitlab.com/blog/we-need-to-talk-no-proxy/#http_proxy-and-https_proxy
   const proxyUrl = (protocol === 'https:') ?
-    (env.https_proxy || env.HTTPS_PROXY) : (env.http_proxy || env.HTTP_PROXY);
+    (env.https_proxy || env.HTTPS_PROXY) : (env.http_proxy ?? env.HTTP_PROXY);
   // No proxy settings from the environment, ignore.
   if (!proxyUrl) {
     return null;
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ function parseProxyConfigFromEnv(env, protocol, keepAlive) {
     return null;
   }
 
-  const noProxyList = env.no_proxy || env.NO_PROXY;
+  const noProxyList = env.no_proxy ?? env.NO_PROXY;
   return new ProxyConfig(proxyUrl, keepAlive, noProxyList);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-http-proxy-env-empty-value.js b/test/parallel/test-http-proxy-env-empty-value.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ef1ab50ecca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-http-proxy-env-empty-value.js
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const http = require('http');
+const { spawnSync } = require('child_process');
+
+// Regression test for https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/66202
+// fetch() and http.request() must agree on how to treat an explicit
+// empty string in a lower-cased proxy env var.
+
+if (!common.hasCrypto) common.skip('missing crypto');
+
+const proxy = http.createServer((req, res) => {
+  res.setHeader('x-via-proxy', '1');
+  res.end('ok');
+});
+
+proxy.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
+  const proxyUrl = `http://localhost:${proxy.address().port}`;
+
+  const script = `
+    const assert = require('assert');
+    (async () => {
+      const usesProxyRequest = await new Promise((resolve) => {
+        require('http').get('http://localhost:1/', (res) => {
+          resolve(res.headers['x-via-proxy'] === '1');
+        }).on('error', () => resolve(false));
+      });
+
+      let usesProxyFetch = false;
+      try {
+        const res = await fetch('http://localhost:1/');
+        usesProxyFetch = res.headers.get('x-via-proxy') === '1';
+      } catch { /* direct connection refused is expected if no proxy used */ }
+
+      assert.strictEqual(usesProxyFetch, usesProxyRequest,
+        'fetch() and http.request() disagree on proxy usage');
+    })();
+  `;
+
+  const result = spawnSync(process.execPath, ['--use-env-proxy', '-e', script], {
+    env: {
+      ...process.env,
+      http_proxy: '',
+      HTTP_PROXY: proxyUrl,
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.strictEqual(result.status, 0, result.stderr.toString());
+  proxy.close();
+}));
\ No newline at end of file